# CATL begins trial cell production at 100 GWh Hungarian site *The €7.34 billion Debrecen facility cleared environmental disputes to run its first two lines, challenging Korean cell makers across Central European supply chains.* **Published:** September 28, 2026 **By:** Lian Chen **Section:** Batteries & Electric Vehicles — China **Format:** Company Watch **Confidence:** medium **Source:** https://eastasiabrief.com/batteries-ev/catl-begins-trial-cell-production-100-gwh-hungarian-site-417 **Publisher:** East Asia Brief (https://eastasiabrief.com/) --- ## What to know - CATL starts trial cell runs on two lines at its €7.34 billion, 100 GWh Debrecen site - Korean rivals face direct competition across 177.5 GWh of regional cell capacity - Hajdú-Bihar County Office reviews operational baseline data on Dec. 15, 2026 ![Two technicians observe robotic arms handling battery cells along an automated production line. (AI-generated image)](https://eastasiabrief.com/media/2026-09-28-c043eacbd9a8.webp) *Two technicians observe robotic arms handling battery cells along an automated production line. (AI-generated image)* Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited launched trial cell production Sept. 28, 2026, at its 100-gigawatt-hour Debrecen site in Hungary after regional authorities cleared environmental rectifications. The Chinese battery maker activated two automated lines in its first cell building. That step marks CATL's transition from facility construction to live manufacturing inside the European Union. The €7.34 billion ($8.1 billion) investment covers 221 hectares in eastern Hungary. Once fully completed, the 100-gigawatt-hour plant will represent CATL's largest production facility outside China. The initial phase provides 34 gigawatt-hours of annual cell capacity. That volume represents roughly 12% of Europe's projected battery cell demand by 2028, directly challenging established regional suppliers. Debrecen received its building occupancy permit in August 2026. The regulatory approval followed extensive technical reviews and remediation mandated by the Hajdú-Bihar County Government Office. Hungarian authorities previously halted work in three production areas following workplace safety concerns. Those incidents involved occupational nickel exposure that affected nine facility technicians during equipment installation earlier this year. Regional inspectors verified that CATL eliminated the safety hazards and fulfilled its integrated pollution prevention conditions. That clearance allowed the plant to secure authorization for testing. The site has operated a modular assembly division since autumn 2024. CATL has delivered 537,000 battery modules from that facility to European car assembly plants to date. The Debrecen complex sits adjacent to BMW's new vehicle manufacturing plant in Hungary. BMW selected CATL to supply next-generation cylindrical cells for its Neue Klasse electric-vehicle architecture. Volkswagen Group also holds long-term procurement agreements tied to the Hungarian facility. The German automaker relies on external cell partners to supply its Central European vehicle lines. The commissioning tests place direct competitive pressure on South Korean battery manufacturers. South Korean suppliers built an early manufacturing corridor across Central Europe over the past decade. Samsung SDI operates roughly 40 gigawatt-hours of cell capacity at its plant in Göd, Hungary. The facility supplies prismatic lithium-ion batteries to BMW and other European automakers. SK On runs 47.5 gigawatt-hours of combined capacity across its two plants in Komárom and Iváncsa. Those Hungarian sites represent more than 50% of the company's global operating capacity. LG Energy Solution maintains 90 gigawatt-hours of manufacturing capacity in Wrocław, Poland. The Polish site accounts for approximately 40% of LG Energy Solution's total worldwide production footprint. South Korean battery makers previously controlled more than 60% of European electric-vehicle cell capacity. CATL's local output threatens that dominant market share by lowering cross-border logistics overhead. European automakers have pushed battery suppliers to localize cell production to avoid supply chain disruptions. CATL's Hungarian plant reduces lead times compared to imports from Chinese factories. Localizing cell output also helps carmakers meet European Union rules on critical supply chain emissions. Transporting cells across continental rail corridors generates significantly lower carbon totals than maritime freight. CATL already operates an operational 14-gigawatt-hour cell factory near Erfurt in central Germany. That plant achieved commercial volume in 2023 but lacks the scale required for mass-market vehicle programs. Debrecen offers five times the footprint of Erfurt, providing room for cathode blending and recycling systems. CATL plans to build three distinct cell manufacturing halls across the site. Engineers will use trial operations to calibrate deposition machines, laser welders and electrolyte filling systems. The process establishes quality control baselines before manufacturing teams package packs for road vehicles. Environmental authorities require CATL to submit continuous air and water monitoring logs throughout the trial phase. The county agency will review the plant's baseline effluent data on Dec. 15, 2026. The company must also demonstrate that its groundwater recycling loop meets municipal limits before commercial permits issue. Local civil groups continue to monitor aquifer extraction rates around the industrial zone. The company has not published an exact date for the start of commercial series shipments, and Debrecen officials have not confirmed the initial delivery timetable for client automakers. Technicians will continue running dry-room calibration batches on the two active production lines. Commercial cell qualification cycles typically require three to six months of uninterrupted trial runs. ## Impact map | Event | Korea | China | Japan | Global impact | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | CATL Debrecen trial operations | Samsung SDI and SK On face direct margin pressure across 87.5 GWh of Hungarian cell capacity | CATL secures EU manufacturing footprint to bypass maritime tariffs and supply European carmakers | Japanese equipment suppliers book calibration service contracts for Debrecen dry rooms | Central European automotive battery supply shifts toward localized Chinese tier-one cells | ## In this story - **Companies:** Contemporary Amperex Technology - **Tickers:** 300750.SZ - **Exposed:** Samsung SDI, SK On, LG Energy Solution, BMW, Volkswagen Group - **Policy:** Economic Security - **Impact:** Supply Chain, Capex, Order Book ## Primary sources 1. catl.com 2. electrified-future.com 3. energytrend.com 4. scmp.com 5. battery-energy-storage-system.com --- Cite as: East Asia Brief, "CATL begins trial cell production at 100 GWh Hungarian site," September 28, 2026. https://eastasiabrief.com/batteries-ev/catl-begins-trial-cell-production-100-gwh-hungarian-site-417